GDPR Data Protection Regulation
European Union
2016
Privacy
Overview
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the European Union’s comprehensive privacy law, enacted in 2016 and enforced from May 25, 2018. It governs the collection, processing, and transfer of personal data within the EU and for any entity handling EU residents’ data, regardless of location.GDPR introduces strict requirements for data controllers and processors, including transparency, lawful basis for processing, individual rights, breach notification, and accountability. It empowers individuals with rights such as access, rectification, erasure, data portability, and objection to profiling. The law applies to technology companies, banks, insurers, healthcare providers, retailers, cloud service providers, and government agencies handling personal data of EU residents.
Key Obligations
- Obtain clear and informed consent before processing personal data
- Maintain records of processing activities and conduct Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs)
- Appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) in specific cases
- Notify supervisory authorities of data breaches within 72 hours
- Uphold data subject rights including access, correction, deletion, and portability
- Ensure lawful cross-border data transfers through mechanisms like SCCs or adequacy decisions
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