Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML)
Overview
Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML) disguises illicit funds through international trade transactions. Criminals manipulate invoices, misdeclare goods, or use over/under-invoicing to move value across borders. TBML exploits the complexity of global supply chains and varying customs enforcement levels, making detection difficult.Regulators and FATF identify TBML as one of the most sophisticated laundering techniques, requiring strong trade finance monitoring, document verification, and cross-border cooperation. Banks, customs authorities, and shipping companies use anomaly detection, price benchmarking, and AI-driven trade analytics to identify red flags. Banks, customs authorities, and shipping companies use anomaly detection, price benchmarking, and AI-driven trade analytics to identify red flags. Failure to detect TBML exposes institutions to sanctions, fines, and reputational damage while allowing criminals to infiltrate legitimate global trade networks.
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