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Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML)

Overview

Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML) disguises illicit funds through international trade transactions. Criminals manipulate invoices, misdeclare goods, or use over/under-invoicing to move value across borders. TBML exploits the complexity of global supply chains and varying customs enforcement levels, making detection difficult.Regulators and FATF identify TBML as one of the most sophisticated laundering techniques, requiring strong trade finance monitoring, document verification, and cross-border cooperation. Banks, customs authorities, and shipping companies use anomaly detection, price benchmarking, and AI-driven trade analytics to identify red flags.
Banks, customs authorities, and shipping companies use anomaly detection, price benchmarking, and AI-driven trade analytics to identify red flags. Failure to detect TBML exposes institutions to sanctions, fines, and reputational damage while allowing criminals to infiltrate legitimate global trade networks.

FAQ

What is TBML?

The laundering of illicit funds by disguising transactions in global trade.

Why is it hard to detect?

Complex supply chains, multiple jurisdictions, and vast document volumes obscure anomalies.

Who combats TBML?

Banks, customs, and regulators through joint monitoring and intelligence-sharing.

What are typical red flags?

Unusual pricing, vague product descriptions, and inconsistent trade routes.

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